Score: Hawkins classification

Use: Talar neck fractures

Type I

  • Displacement: undisplaced
  • Risk of avascular necrosis: < 10%
  • Type II

  • Displacement: displaced with subtalar subluxation or dislocation
  • Risk of avascular necrosis: > 40%
  • Type III

  • Displacement: displaced with subtalar and ankle dislocation
  • Risk of avascular necrosis: > 90%
  • Type IV

  • Displacement: type III + variants (e.g. dislocation of talonavicular joint)
  • Risk of avascular necrosis: 100%
  • Reference

    Classification and Diagnosis in Orthopaedic Trauma. Editors: Rahij Anwar, Kenneth W. R. Tuson, Shah Alam Khan. Cambridge University Press, 2008